Cylinder Head

    The top end of the cylinder is closed by means of the removable cylinder head. There are two holes or port at the cylinder head, one for the intake of fuel and other for exhaust. Both the intake and exhaust port are closed by the two valves known as inlet and exhaust valve. The inlet valve, exhaust valve, spark plug, injector, etc are bolted on the cylinder head. The main function of the cylinder head is to seal the cylinder block and not to permit entry and exit gases on cover head valve engine. The cylinder head is usually made of cast iron or aluminum. It is made by casting or forging and usually in one piece. 
    Parts of Cylinder Head:
                                                                      1.Camshaft

    The camshaft is used in IC Engine to control the opening and closing of valves at proper timing. For proper engine output inlet valve should open at the end of the exhaust stroke and closed at the end of the intake stroke. So to regulate its timing, a cam is used which is oval in shape and it exerts a pressure on the valve to open and release to close. It is driven by a timing belt which drives by the crankshaft. It is placed at the top or at the bottom of the cylinder.


    2. Tappets
    The tappet is the part that runs on the camshaft and is made to move vertically by the action of the rotating cam. 



    3. Valves

    A valve is a device that regulates, directs or control the flow of fluid (or in modern cars only air) by closing, or partially obstructing various passageways. Valve also opens when power stroke is completed to let out exhaust gases.

    4. Valves Spring
    The main function of valve spring is to keep the valve closed to build up engine compression.

    5. Tappet Push-Road
    The rollerball at the lower end of the pushrod rides on the lobes of the camshaft. The upper ball seats into a recessed cup on the underside of a rocker arm. As the offset lobe of the cam contacts the lower ball, the push rod is forced up and lifts the rocker arm. This action opens an intake or exhaust valve in the cylinder head of the engine. As the cam turns farther, the push rod drops back to its original starting point. This relaxes pressure on the rocker arm and the valve closes
    6.Inlet Manifold
    An intake manifold is a component that delivers either air or an air/fuel mixture to the cylinders. The design of these components varies widely from one application to another, but they all perform that same basic function, and they all have a single input and multiple outputs. In carbureted engines, the intake manifold connects the carburetor to the intake ports. In fuel-injected engines, the intake manifold connects the throttle body to the intake ports.

    7. Exhaust Manifold
    As the first component in the exhaust system, the exhaust manifold collects the exhaust fumes released from the engine cylinders and directs them to the catalytic converter. In turbocharged engines, the turbocharger is situated downstream of the exhaust manifold.

    8. Spark Plugs
    A spark plug is a device for delivering electric current from an ignition system to the combustion chamber of a spark-ignition engine to ignite the compressed fuel/air mixture by an electric spark while containing combustion pressure within the engine

    9. Injectors
    The fuel injector is installed at the intake manifold injection before the inlet valve. It injects the fuel such that it builds a homogenous mixture with the added air. This air-fuel mixture is created by opening the inlet valve of the intake manifold into the combustion chamber where it is ignited by means of an ignition spark and burnt. A distinction is made between whether the injection is made prior to or during opening the inlet valves.


    10. H.T Cables
    High tension leads or high tension cables or spark plug wires or spark plug cables are the wires that connect a distributor, ignition coil, or magneto to each of the sparkplugs in some types of an internal combustion engine. 


    11. Distributor
    A distributor is an enclosed rotating shaft used in spark-ignition internal combustion engine that has mechanically-timed ignition. The distributor's main function is to route secondary, or high voltage, current from the ignition coil to the spark plugs in the correct firing order, and for the correct amount of time.

    12. Carburetor
    A carburetor or carburetor is a device that mixes air and fuel for internal combustion engines in the proper air-fuel ratio for combustion.

    13. Air Cleaner
    An air cleaner is vital to engine performance. As outside air travels through the intake on its way to the engine, it passes through the air cleaner element. Dirt and debris, harmful to an engine, are trapped in the air cleaner element.

    14. Timing Belt
    A timing belt, timing chain, or cambelt is a part of an internal combustion engine that synchronizes the rotation of the crankshaft and the camshaft(s) so that the engine's valves open and closes at the proper times during each cylinder's intake and exhaust strokes.

    15. Head Gasket
    The head gasket is compressed between the engine block and the cylinder head. The head gasket seals in the internal combustion process and also keeps coolant and oil from mixing together as the two fluids travel from the engine block to the cylinder head. Head gaskets themselves are not very expensive.